zalinski



(No Model.) 1 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. L. ZALINSKI, TELBSCOHC GUN SIGHT.

No. 592,946. Patented Nov. 2,1897.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. L. ZALINSKI. TELESGOPIG GUN SIGHT.

No. 592,946. Patented Nov. 2, 1897.

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(No Model.)

B. L. ZALINSKI.

TELESGOPIO GUN SIGHT.

No. 592,946. Patented Nov. 2, 1897.

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E. L. ZALINSKI. TELBSOOPIG GUN SIGHT.

No. 592,946. Patented Nov. 2,1897.

UNITED STATES PATENT EErcE.

EDMUND L. ZALINSKI, OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

TELESCOPIC GUN-SIG HT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 592,946, dated November 2, 1897.

. Application filed May 10,1889- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND L. ZALINSKI, of the United States Army, stationed at Fort Hamilton, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telescopic Sights for Ordnance, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to telescopic sights for ordnance; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of parts for the purpose.

The object of the invention-is to produce a sight which may be applied quickly to the gun and which shall be held in position with certainty; also, to provide for very fine adjustments for drift, windage, elevation, and all of these adjustments through a wide range; also, to provide certain adjustments of the cross hairs and level the approximate distance to a target; also, to improve various details, as hereinafter stated.

Figure 1 is an elevation of the sight, the side toward the observer being the side which is applied to the gun. Fig. 2 is a reverse side elevation. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the same. Figs. 4 and 4 are enlarged details showing mechanism for adjusting the cross-hair in the telescope. Fig. 5 is a side view of the sightsupport on seat which is attached to the gun. Fig. 6 is a rear end view of same. Fig. 7 is a plan, and Fig. 8 is a side view of the sight-seat, the latter view showing the side which is attached to the gun or trunnion.

I will first describe the sight as if it were attached to the gun.

The numeral 1 indicates the sight-bar, which is clamped in the V-grooves in the sightseat when the sight is on the gun. The sight 2 bar is to be exactly parallel with the bore of the gun when said bar is in its seat.

The arm 2 has a split collar 3, whichsurrounds the sight-bar, and this collar may be firmly clasped by the screw 4 to the bar, so that the collar cannot turn independently of the bar. The arm 2 is provided near its lower end with a set-screw 6, which passes through said arm.

A coil-spring 7 surrounds and is secured to the bar 1, and bears against arm 2 in such Serial No. 310,282. (No model.)

adjustment of screw 6 can then be made to insure the leveling (crosswise) as the movement of arm 2 rotates the bar 1 in its seat, and as the whole sight is firmly attached to said bar by arms 9 9 the sight will move with the rotation of said bar 1. The sight-plate 11 is attached to posts 9. The sector 12 is pivoted at the front of this plate 11 and its are 13 moves in a guide 14 on the plate. The

sector 12 can be quickly adjusted to approXi-' mate the desired position by set-screw 16, after which a fine micrometer adjustment may be made by set-screw 17, this being a common clamp and tangent or slow-motion screw combination. The Vernier 21 reads to five graduations on the graduated are 13.

The top bar of the sector 12 has a vertical front pivot 26, on which the horizontal limb 31 is supported. A graduated are 27, at the rear and concentric with this pivot 26, forms a way on which the horizontal limb may be swung to compensate for lateral deviation, owing to the Windage, drift, orthe movement of the target across the line of fire. The telescope is supported on and is always parallel with the horizontal limb 31.

- A bracket 32, connected to the horizontal limb 31, hooks under the inner edge of are 27 and can be secured to the are by set-screw 33. A transverse screw 34, passing through a threaded socket on this bracket, engages the limb 31. The limb 31 can thus be swung to approximate the correct position, clamped by means of screw 33, and final fine adjustment be made by screw 34. The graduated are 27 will indicate, by means of Vernier 36, the transverse adjustment of the sight.

The telescope 40 is supported by the Ys 41 from the limb 31. Metallic shields or guards 43 and 44 extend over the telescope from the limb 31. The level 45 is connected to the telescope and normally shows when mark the adjustment.

the axis of the telescope is in horizontal position. The level 45 may be adjusted to abnormal position by screw 49 for the purpose of triangulation in range-finding. The crosslevel 46 is parallel with the cross-hairs of the telescope and may be attached to the eyepiece, as at 46 so as to be visible within the tube while the gunner is watching his target.

The telescope 40 has cross-hairs, as usual, and has the usual attachment for focusing, adjusting the lines, &c. In addition the telescope should have an internal frame a, in which a sliding sash b is supported, said sash being moved vertically by a micrometerscrew 0. The sash b has a second cross-hair (1, parallel with the main cross-hair, and the sash also has fine saw-teeth e at one or both sides. By turning the screws 0 (which extend outside the barrel of the telescope) the sash 1) may be adjusted vertically and the teeth e will serve with the main cross-hair to This second hair is to serve as a range-finder under certain conditions. Thus if the gun be mounted on the sea-coast a considerable distance above the water the telescope may be brought to a level, and then if the movable cross-hair be adjusted to the line of intersection of the target with the Water the angle may be determined and the distance ascertained from tables com- .puted by well-known mathematical formulae. The sight-seat should be firmly secured to the trunnion (in this case the left trunnion) or the body of the gun. The ring 50 can be ground to fit the gun and maintain the V- rests in position to hold the sight-bar parallel with the axis of the bore. As this is a work of both time and skill I have provided 'a seat having adjustments, whichm ay be used.

Ring 50 is bolted to the gun by bolts passing through holes 51. Ring 50 has acrossbar 52, to which plate 53 is pivoted at 54:.

Plate 53 has a lug 55 entering slot 56 in crossbar 52. Set-screws 57 57 serve to clamp lug 55 and thereby plate 53 in any adjusted position, so that plate 53 can be brought to exacthorizontalposition by the set-screws after the ring has been fastened to the gun.

A cap-plate 58 is held to plate 53 by a vertical pivot 59 and can be swung horizontally around said pivot far enough foradjustment. This adjustment is secured by screws 60, passing through upwardly-extending cars 61 on the plate 53. All these adjustments are made once for all, and when made the parts should be secured by jam-nuts.

The cap-plate 58 bears standards 64 64, which form V-slots 65 at or near each end of the cap-plate. These V-slots receive the sight-bar 1. Spring-pins 66 hold the bar in place in the groove.

' As the sight is at one side of the sight-bar the weight will press screw 6 firmly against its bearing, and when once leveled (on the cross-level) the sight can be removed for firing and quickly replaced without changing the level.

For target-firing the sight is set for the proper .elevation and lateral deviation before it is put on the gun. Then when the sightbar 1 is placed in the V-grooves 65 the gun is trained until the sight bears directly on the target. get may be made in the cross-hairs of the telescope. When the target is obscured by smoke or fog, the levels wil'l give means of laying the gun with exactness.

Of course the sight is to be removed from the gun before firing. V 7

It will be understood that the precise construction of many of the parts of my device is merely a matter of mechanical judgment. Thus the ring 50 may be merely a plate. The adjustment of parts may be effected by wedges instead of screws. The graduation may be to any scale, &c. The telescope may have an open sight along its top or side, as is common. When the cross-level'is attached directly to the eyepiece of the telescope, the eyepiece will be kept from turning by a spline or in other convenient and Well-known manner. The level maybe held on the eye'- piece by a clamp-collar, or in any common mannerfor holding such parts. The main object is to get the level in close proximity to the eyepiece, so that the gunner may observe almost instinctively when his telescope is out of level.

What I claim is Allowances for movement of tarr 1. The sight-seat having \I-grooves, and secured to the gun, said seat having adjusting means substantially as described whereby the grooves may be brought in exact alineinent with the bore of the gun, the sight-bar constructed to enter said grooves, and the telescopic sight connected to said bar and adj ustable relatively thereto, all in combination substantially as described.

2. In a telescopic sight. for ordnance, the sight-bar, and means for clamping it to the gun parallel with the bore ofsaid gun, a collar which may be turned" on or be-clamped to said sight-bar, an arm attached to said collar, and the sight supported. by said arm, and means for adjusting the sight relatively to the bar, all combined substantially as described.

3. The combination with the notohedsightseat, the sight-bar resting therein, a collar surrounding said bar, an arm connected to the collar, and a spring connected to the bar and acting on the collar and arm with a tendency to revolve the collar about the bar, all substantially as described.

4. The. combination of the sight-bar and sight connected thereto, the arm connected to said bar and extending downward therefrom, and the set-screw connected to said arm and having a bearing on the sight-support, substantially as described.

5. In a telescopic sight, the combination of the sight-bar parallel with the axis of the gun,

the sight-plate supported at one side thereof, the vertical sector, and the horizontal limb supporting the telescope above said sector.

6. In a telescopic sight, the combination of the sight-plate, the telescope supported above said plate and the guards covering said telescope at such distance as to permit adjustment of the telescope within the guard, substantially as described.

7. The combination of the sight-bar parallel with the axis of the gun, the telescope mounted thereon and, adjustable with re1ation to said bar, and a level mounted on the telescope in proximity to the eyepiece so as to be visible within the tube of the telescope, substantially as described.

8. In a telescopic sight, the sight-seat attached to the gun and provided with V- grooves in which the sight-bar may rest, and

spring-clasps connected therewith for clasping said sight-bar, substantially as described.

9. A sight-seat having a ring or plate for attachment to the gun, a supporting-plate slightly adjustable in vertical direction, and Y EDMUND L. ZALINSKI.

Witnesses:

PHILIP MAURO, W. A. BARTLETT. 

